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Authors
Wen, Zhen https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8367-9554
Ma, Minglei https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2378-4870
Zhang, Dongxue https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0464-4264
Xiu, Lei https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5954-229X
Jiang, Tao https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8904-6370
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Project of Science and Technology Research and Development of China Railway Corporation (J2021Z608)
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 15 September 2025
Declarations
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: Zhen Wen, Minglei Ma, Dongxue Zhang, Lei Xiu, and Tao Jiang declare that they have no competing interests.
: This research was carried out following the guidelines set out in the Declaration of Helsinki and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval Number: sjtkyll-lx-2021(27)). The research has been registered on the China Clinical Trial Registration platform ( ) under the clinical trial registration number ChiCTR1900022768. All participants gave their written informed consent. The consent document contained details about the study’s objectives, methodologies, and the possible risks, and emphasized that participation was voluntary.
