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Article History

Received: 4 July 2025

Accepted: 1 September 2025

First Online: 19 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Alice Y.Y. Cheng has received fees for advisory board and/or consulting and/or speaking from Abbott, Amgen, Aspen, AstraZeneca, Bausch, Bayer, Biomea Fusion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eisai, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, and Vertex; and consulting fees on clinical trials from Applied Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Amy Mottl has received research funding paid to her employer/research contracts from Alexion, Aurinia, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Chinook/Novartis, Calliditas, Duke Clinical Research Institute, and Pfizer; consultancy fees from Bayer, Chinook/Novartis, Otsuka, and Vera; speaker fees from The Primary Care Consortium; and royalties from UpToDate. Melissa Magwire has received fees for advisory board participation/consultancy from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, and Novo Nordisk.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.