Document is current

Article History

Received: 8 August 2025

Accepted: 12 September 2025

First Online: 6 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Dr. Viswanathan Mohan reports grants and honoraria from Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Medtronic, Sanofi, Servier, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Lifescan, Roche, MSD, Novartis, Bayer, USV, Dr. Reddy’s, Sun Pharma, INTAS, Lupin, Glenmark, Zydus, IPCA, Torrent, Cipla, Biocon, Primus, Franco-Indian, Wockhardt, Emcure, Mankind, Fourrts, Apex, GSK, and Alembic. Dr. Jothydev Kesavadev reports honoraria from Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly; has participated in studies sponsored by Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Sun Pharma and research funding from Roche, and MSD. Dr. L Sreenivasa Murthy reports research grants from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Servier, Torrent, Sun Pharma, Sanofi India, AstraZeneca. and Bayer; speaker for Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, J&J, USV, Micro Labs, Torrent Pharma, Sun Pharma, Alkem, Servier, Lupin, Abbott India, Cipla, Mankind Pharma, Eris Pharma, and Intas Pharma. Dr. Sunil Mishra reports honoraria from Sanofi India, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Cipla. Dr. Gayathri Anil and Soumitra Kar are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk Service Centre India Private Ltd., Bengaluru, India. Dr. Manu Chandrappa is an employee of Novo Nordisk Singapore Pharma Pvt. Ltd. and is a shareholder of Novo Nordisk A/S.

: The studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice guidelines and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Before initiation of the studies, the protocol, consent form, and subject information sheets were reviewed and approved by the appropriate health authorities and an independent ethics committee/institutional review board, in compliance with local regulations. All protocol amendments and subsequent versions were also reviewed and approved, where required, in compliance with local regulations before implementation.