Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Christine Longuet, Jennifer Peleshok, Julia P. Dunn, Minrong Ai, and Tamer Coskun are employees and stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Alice Y. Y. Cheng serves as a consultant/advisory board member for Abbott Diabetes Care, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eli Lilly and Company, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; received speaking honoraria from Abbott Diabetes Care, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, GSK, Eli Lilly and Company, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and works on clinical trials for Applied Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Rodolfo J. Galindo is supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institute of Health (NIH) under award numbers P30DK111024, 1K23DK123384, 1R03DK138255, and 1U2CDK137135; received research support from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer, and Dexcom and consulting/advisory/honoraria fees from Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer, Dexcom, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, and Medtronic. Joshua A. Levine is employed by Pfizer Inc., was employed by Eli Lilly and Company during the completion of this work, and holds stock in Pfizer Inc. and Eli Lilly and Company. Raleigh Malik is employed by Amgen, was employed by Eli Lilly and Company during the completion of this work, and holds stock in Eli Lilly and Company.

: No ethics committee approval was needed as this review only summarizes findings from previously conducted studies with human participants or animals.