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Authors
Arai, Keiko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-8469
Nishikawa, Tetsuo
Yuasa, Shohei
Hirao, Koichi
Mori, Hisao
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 18 October 2025
Declarations
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: Keiko Arai, Tetsuo Nishikawa, Shohei Yuasa, Koichi Hirao, and Hisao Mori declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Kanagawa Association of Medical and Dental Practitioners, which includes lawyers and ethical experts, on January 30, 2025 (approval no. 24001). The requirement for informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data. Patients could opt out of the study and were informed on how to do so using a poster that described the study, placed in each clinic, in accordance with the Guidelines for Epidemiological Study of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan.
: The authors thank all patients and physicians who participated in this study.
