Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 December 2025

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 25 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Natalie Bellini has received consultant and speaking fees from Abbott, Sanofi, Medtronic, Sequel and Embecta. Lori Berard has received consultant and speaking fees from Embecta and Montmed. Lucille Hughes and Pasha Javadi are employees of Embecta. Maria Muccioli, Camilla Schanche, and Susan Guzman declare that they have no competing interests.

: Institutional review board review and formal participant consent were not required for this research under U.S. federal regulations. Under 45 CFR 46.102(e) and 45 CFR 46.104(d), research involving fully de-identified, anonymous survey data without any identifiable private information does not meet the regulatory definition of human subjects research and is exempt from IRB oversight. While Thrivable members provide identifiable private information at the time of panel registration, this information was not accessed or used in the survey analysis. All survey responses used for this study were fully de-identified, and no identifiable data were included in the manuscript. All participants were existing members of the Thrivable panel and had previously provided consent to participate in research activities and share de-identified data in accordance with the Thrivable Research Consent and Privacy Policies (appended in the electronic supplementary material). In accordance with these policies, participants agreed that their de-identified responses may be used for research, presented publicly, or published in scientific journals. No identifying information was disclosed, accessible to authors outside of Thrivable, or included in any responses used in this manuscript. At the beginning of the survey, participants were also informed that by continuing they were agreeing to these policies, and advancing past the first page therefore constituted electronic informed consent. Participants were free to discontinue participation at any time.