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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 2 April 2026

First Online: 30 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Adriana Boateng-Kuffour, Nanxin Li, Keval Chandarana, Liang Chen, and Beth Barber are employees of Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, and hold stocks at Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. Katherine S. Chapman, Emilee M. Cornelius, and Huyen T. Nguyen are employees of T1D Exchange, which received funding from Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated for conducting this study. Wendy A. Wolf was an employee of T1D Exchange during this study. Caitlin S. Kelly is currently employed as a Medical Writer II at Syneos Health, but contributed to this work during prior employment at T1D Exchange, Inc. The T1D Exchange Registry is funded by The Leona M. and Harry B. Charitable Trust grant G-2103-05086. William H. Polonsky received consulting fees from Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated for conducting this study. William H. Polonsky received grants from Abbott Diabetes Care, Eli Lilly and Dexcom, consulting fees from Vertex, Dexcom, Mannkind, Roche, Abbott Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Ascensia, and Insulet, and lecture fees from Sanofi and Roche; all of which are unrelated to his involvement in this study.

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by Western-Copernicus Group (WCG) IRB on May 5, 2023 (IRB tracking number is 1353770 and the study number is 20232030), conformed to ethical standards outlined in the US Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects and current guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices (GPP), and conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments.