Jang, Subin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2950-8487
Ma, Sisi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-6844
Hsia, Daniel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-3429
Cossen, Kristina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1518-3367
Haynes, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-428X
Bensignor, Megan O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-1858
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK129721)
Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Declarations
Conflict of Interest: Megan O. Bensignor receives research support in the form of donated study drug (VIVUS LLC) and continuous glucose monitoring devices (Abbott Inc. and Dexcom). Daniel S. Hsia conducts clinical trials whereby his institution is paid directly via contracts. Daniel S. Hsia is a consultant for Eli Lilly’s Pediatric Chronic Weight Management Portfolio. Kristina Cossen conducts clinical trials whereby her institution is paid directly via contracts. Subin Jang, Sisi Ma, and David Haynes have nothing to disclose.
Ethical Approval: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.