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Authors
Xu, Vincent
La, Kristina
Ma, Rachel
Solis-Pazmino, Paola
Smiley, Abbas
Barnajian, Moshe
Ellenhorn, Joshua
Bergamaschi, Roberto
Nasseri, Yosef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-5717
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2024
Accepted: 7 January 2025
First Online: 23 January 2025
Declaration
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: This study was conducted in compliance with ethical standards and adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this study.
: This research did not involve direct interaction with human participants or animals. The study utilized a de-identified national database, the ACS National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), which does not contain any identifiable patient information. As such, institutional review board (IRB) approval and informed consent were not required.
: This study did not involve human participants requiring informed consent. Data analysis was performed on de-identified datasets provided by the ACS NSQIP database.
