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Authors
Liu, Hsien-Tzu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3121-1922
Hsu, Po-Kuei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-0227
Huang, Chien-Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-2869
Shen, Shu-Huei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2776-4671
Liu, Chien-An https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-3629
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taipei Veterans General Hospital
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2026
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Ethics approval: This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes. An IRB official waiver of ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital (IRB-TPEVGH No. 2026-01-002BC).
Informed consent: The requirement for individual patient consent was waived.
