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Article History

Received: 3 October 2025

Accepted: 26 February 2026

First Online: 13 March 2026

Declarations

:

: LFI received financial support, consulting fees for the participation in advisory boards and support for attending meetings from: Teva, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Organon and AbbVie; he is associate editor for the Frontiers in Neurology Headache and Neurogenic Pain section and junior editor in Cephalalgia and Cephalalgia report. MV received honoraries for talks and papers and consulting fees for the participation in advisory boards from: Teva, Pfizer, Lusofarmaco, and Biogen; he is chief editor of Pain Research and Management , associate editor for the Frontiers in Neurology Headache and Neurogenic Pain section, Journal of Clinical Medicine, Life, Brain Sciences , and BMC Neurology ; he is in the Editorial Board of Journal of Headache and Pain , European Journal of Pain , Clinical Neurophysiology , and Neurological Sciences . LP is a member of the junior editorial board of The Journal of Headache and Pain , section board member for Children in the area of Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disorders , editorial board member of Confinia Cephalalgica , and associate editor for the Pediatric Neurology section of Frontiers in Neurology . She has received financial support from TEVA, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, AbbVie, and Epitech for the organization of scientific meetings and support from attending meetings from MERCK and Biogen. IT is a member of editorial board of of Headache ; Review Editor of Frontiers (Epilepsy, Neurogenomics, Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Neurology) ; Co-Associate Editors of Perspectives in Pediatric Neurology . She has received financial support for the organization of scientific meetings and support for attending meetings from: UCB, JAZZ-Pharmaceuticals, and Italfarmaco. The other Authors have no conflict of interest related to the topic of the review.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.