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Article History

Received: 7 October 2025

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 1 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Jan Sus, Martin Unger, Christoph Klade, Kurt Krejcy, Nairi Kirchbaumer-Baroian, and Olivier Bouvet are employees of AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals GmbH. Günther Krumpl is a Board Director of AOP Health International Management AG.

: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in EU Clinical Trials Register at  , EudraCT Number: 2017-002138-22.

: The trial protocol was approved by the responsible ethics committees: in Germany (reference no.FF 06/17n; approval date 01 April 2020) and in the Czech Republic (reference no. 202002 I49M; approval date 6February 2020).

: Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal representativesprior to any interventions. Additionally, specifi c informed consent was required for participation in the sub-study.

: The manuscript contains only anonymized, aggregated data and does not include anypersonally identifi able participant information; therefore, consent for publication is not applicable.

: As this PK sub-study included only patients who received landiolol, the randomization code isnot applicable.