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Article History

Received: 29 November 2019

First Online: 21 December 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: Asuka Kato has nothing to disclose. Toshimasa Yamauchi reports honoraria from Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi S.A., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Novartis International AG, and Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., research funding from AstraZeneca K.K., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Sanofi S.A., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH Japan, and AeroSwitch, subsidies or donations from Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Sanofi S.A., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., and Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., and endowed departments by commercial entities from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Merck Sharp & Dohme Co., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH Japan, Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company. Takashi Kadowaki reports honoraria from Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., MSD Corporation, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Terumo Co., Ltd., manuscript fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., research funding from AstraZeneca K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., subsidies or donations from Astellas Pharma Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and endowed departments by commercial entities from Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MSD Corporation, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

: All the participants signed written consent forms. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine and was approved and supported by the participating facilities (Approval No. 3629; September 17, 2013).

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