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Article History

Received: 17 October 2023

Accepted: 18 March 2024

First Online: 30 March 2024

Declarations

:

: Author Rie Kaneshima Tamura, Arata Itoh, and Hiroshi Kajio declare that they have no conflict of interest. Noriko Kodani received lecture fees from Eli lilly Japan k.k. Shu Meguro received lecture fees from Novo Nordisc, Eli lilly Japan k.k, and Sumitomo pharma Co., Ltd. Hiroshi Itoh serves as an advisory role to Meiji Co., Ltd., SBI pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., and NIPRO CORPORATION, received lecture fees from Novartis Pharma k. k., Kowa company Ltd., DAIICHI SANKYO Ltd., Takeda pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., and Taisho pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., and received a grant from Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Life scan Japan K.K., Abot Japan LLC, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, and Mochida pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.

: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and/or with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent was obtained through an opt-out methodology and information was provided on the website of each institution.

: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Keio University School of Medicine (approval number: 20190288, approval date: 27 March 2020), and the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (approval number: NCGM-G-004115, approval date: 5 February 2021).