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Article History

Received: 3 June 2024

Accepted: 8 January 2025

First Online: 25 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Kazuyuki Tobe received lecture fees from Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd.; grants from Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Tokyo University.; donations from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care, The Uehara Memorial Foundation. For the other authors, no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

: All the study procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Toyama (approval number: 22–79; approval date: Oct 25, 2010) and performed in accordance with the principles laid down in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or its later amendments and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. According to the latter guideline, in the case of using existing and anonymized processed data provided by another institution, it is not necessary to obtain informed consent from the participants. Therefore, informed consent was not obtained from study participants. Instead, we uploaded the present study to the homepage of the First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama University.