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Article History

Received: 27 November 2025

Accepted: 25 December 2025

First Online: 17 February 2026

Declarations

:

: TM has received research grants or contracts from the following entities: Terumo Corporation, Medtronic Japan Co. Ltd., Raxi.and Consulting fees Roche, and has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the following entities: Dexcom Inc., Medtronic Japan Co. Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., ARKRAY, Inc., Sanofi, Abbott. KK has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the following entities: Medtronic Japan Co. Ltd. Abbott. Terumo Corporation, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. Other members declare no competing interests.

: This study conformed to the standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval of the research protocol: This study was approved by the National Hospital Organization Central Review Board (NHOCRB/ R2-0117002, Feb. 7, 2020) Informed consent or substitute for it was obtained from all patients for being included in the study. Approval date of Registry and the Registration No. of the study/trial: Trial registration number: University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center: UMIN000039475). Informed consent or substitute for it was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

: N/A.