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Authors
Kobayashi, Genki
Hashimoto, Yoshitaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8794-0550
Yamamoto, Shinta
Hamaguchi, Masahide
Fukui, Michiaki
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: Kobayashi G and Yamamoto S have nothing to disclose. Hashimoto Y has received personal fees from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kowa Company, Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharma Co., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Hamaguchi M received grants from Kowa Pharma Co. Ltd., Ono Pharma Co. Ltd., and AstraZeneca K.K., and received personal fees from Eli Lilly Japan, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Sanofi K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., Kowa Pharma Co. Ltd., and Ono Pharma Co. Ltd., outside the submitted work. Fukui M received grants from a range of organizations, including Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Kowa Pharma Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Takeda Pharma Co. Ltd., MSD K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., Sanofi K.K., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Ono Pharma Co. Ltd., Oishi Kenko Inc., Yamada Bee Farm, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharma Co. Ltd., Abbott Japan Co. Ltd., Terumo Corp., Teijin Pharma Ltd., Taisho Pharma Co., Ltd., Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd., and Johnson & Johnson K.K. Medical Co., TERUMO CORPORATION. In addition, personal fees were received from Abbott Japan Co. Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Arkray Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kissei Pharma Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Medtronic Japan Co. Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp., MSD K.K., Nipro Corp., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharma Co. Ltd., Sanfa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Taisho Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharma Co. Ltd., Teijin Pharma Ltd., Terumo Corp., and Kowa Pharma Co. Ltd., outside the submitted work.
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (No. ERB-C-1876; approval date: 27/11/2020) and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent from participants was obtained using an opt-out approach.
