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Article History

Received: 15 July 2025

Accepted: 15 December 2025

First Online: 4 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: In vivo tolerability studies were conducted at Aix-Marseille Université and were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (CE71, Aix-Marseille Université) and performed following the French national regulation guidelines in accordance with EU Directive 2010/63/EU. Mice were housed in enriched cages placed in a temperature- and hygrometry-controlled room, had free access to water and food and were monitored daily. In vivo safety and efficacy studies were conducted at Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, US. All mice were treated in accordance with the Johns Hopkins University Care and Use Committee using an approved protocol.

: Not applicable.

: Dr Henry Brem is a paid consultant to Insightec and chairperson of the company’s Medical Advisory Board. Insightec is developing focused ultrasound treatments for brain tumors. This arrangement has been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. Dr Brem receives research funding from NIH, Johns Hopkins University, Khatib Foundation, NICO Myriad Corporation, and philanthropy. He is a consultant for Accelerating Combination Therapies, Insightec, Candel Therapeutics, Inc., Catalio Nexus Fund II, LLC, LikeMinds, Inc*, Galen Robotics, Inc.* CraniUS*, and Nurami Medical*. Betty Tyler has research funding from NIH and is a co-owner for Accelerating Combination Therapies*. Ashvattha Therapeutics Inc. has also licensed one of her patents and she is a stockholder for Peabody Pharmaceuticals (*includes equity or options).