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Article History

Received: 31 October 2025

Accepted: 10 January 2026

First Online: 10 February 2026

Declarations

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: This research is entirely computational and does not entail any physical experiment on live human or animal subjects or any live biological sample. The MRI images used to recreate the 3D structure of prostate cancer were sourced from TCIA, which is a publicly accessible repository of anonymized medical imagery. The TCIA database has received the appropriate permissions of the original data suppliers, and all details that identify patients have been eliminated. Hence, no extra ethics consent or participant permission is needed for the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests. They have no financial or personal relationships with companies producing related devices, drugs, or software, and no intellectual property disputes are associated with this work.