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Authors
Harman, İsmet https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-6370
Karan, Tuncay
Coskuner, Kadir Alperen
Oguzoglu, Sukran
Bilgili, Ertugrul
Avcı, Mustafa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (2209-A)
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Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Accepted: 23 July 2025
First Online: 31 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not required for research involving invertebrates.
: This study did not involve human participants or vertebrate animals. However, gall-inducing insects (Dryocosmus kuriphilus)-classified as invertebrate animals-were studied. Larvae inside the galls were euthanized by rapid freezing immediately after gall dissection, in accordance with standard entomological practices.
