Sirat, Qurratu Aini https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3906-6304
Azmi, Asrul Izam
Kassim, Azman
Ibrahim, Raja Kamarulzaman Raja
Baharudin, Nur Azlin
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Management Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Q.J130000.3851.20J06)
Article History
Received: 11 November 2023
Accepted: 12 May 2024
First Online: 22 July 2025