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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 15 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: The survey instruments were approved by the Data Science Department at Umm Al-Qura University and the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University (ETHICS2,166, March 27, 2024). All participants were informed of the purpose of the study and gave their electronic consent prior to participation.
