Enhanced Fault Classification, Detection, and Location Estimation in the IEEE 14-Bus Smart Grid Using a Hybrid CNN-LSTM Algorithm with Adaptive Learning Rate
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-025-10676-y
Published Online: 2025-09-30
Published Print: 2026-03
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Alhanaf, Ahmed Sami https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-4234
Balik, Hasan Huseyin
Farsadi, Murtaza
Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-30
Version of Record valid from 2025-09-30
Article History
Received: 22 November 2024
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: No potential Conflict of interest was reported by the author(s) for this research work.