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Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Model-Free Secondary Frequency Control of Widespread Islanded Microgrid with Stability Constraints

Published Online: 2025-10-15

Authors

Awan, Ramisha Qasim

Zeb, Kamran

Hayat, Rameez

Rasheed, Ahmed

Uddin, Waqar

Khalid, Muhammad
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (IRC-SES) at KFUPM, Saudi Arabia, under Project No. INSE2518. (INSE2518)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-15

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-15
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Article History

Received: 27 May 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 15 October 2025

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