Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Technologies Research and Development Program (2020YFC1512103)
National Key Science and Technology Project (2024ZD0702701)
Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle (72275005)
Article History
Received: 31 August 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.