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Article History

Received: 4 April 2025

Revised: 17 March 2026

Accepted: 5 April 2026

First Online: 28 April 2026

Declarations

:

: a. We have Purdue University’s Institutional Review Board approval (IRB# 1402014460) under the project’s name: Leveraging Contrasting Cases to Investigate Integer Understanding. b. The informed consent and assent forms were obtained prior to the start of the project. We sent paper copies to participants’ (students’) caregivers and those signed informed consent and assent forms were collected and stored in the second author’s office inside locked cabinets.

: The authors do not have any financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors declare that no competing interests exist.