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Authors
Alshammari, Mohammed B.
Ahmad, Akil
Yaqoob, Asim Ali
Ibrahim, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2025
Revised: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used Quilbot and ChatGPT in order to rewrite and to remove the grammatical error to improve the English. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.
: No conflicts of interest have been found.
