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Article History

Received: 3 March 2026

Accepted: 23 July 2026

First Online: 3 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All human tumor sample experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University. The investigation was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics committee of the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The animal investigation was conducted in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institutes of Health Publication, 8th edition, updated 2011).

Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.