Govindarajan, Priya
Chandan, H. M.
Vernekar, Aniketh P.
Hamid, Yasir
Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study did not involve direct human or animal experimentation. The dataset used (APTOS 2019) is publicly available and fully anonymized therefore, separate ethical approval was not required.
: Patient consent was not applicable, as all data used were de-identified and obtained from a publicly accessible source.
: The authors declare no competing interests.