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Advances in cardiovascular signal analysis with future directions: a review of machine learning and deep learning models for cardiovascular disease classification based on ECG, PCG, and PPG signals

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-025-00473-9

Published Online: 2025-04-24

Published Print: 2025-07

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fuadah, Yunendah Nur

Lim, Ki Moo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-8129
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Departament d’Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació, Generalitat de Catalunya (24212MFDS266)

National Research Foundation Korea (2022R1A2C2006326)

IITP (IITP-2025-RS-2020-II201612)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-04-24

Version of Record valid from 2025-04-24
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Article History

Received: 15 January 2025

Revised: 9 March 2025

Accepted: 21 March 2025

First Online: 24 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no financial or any conflict of interest to declare in this research.

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