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A Machine Learning Approach to Analyze the Role of Antiretroviral Therapy in an HIV/AIDS Model with Both Vertical and Sexual Transmission by Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-025-01873-z

Published Online: 2025-08-13

Published Print: 2025-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Sardar, Purnendu https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1292-3871
Pal, Biswadip https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8966-9999
Rahaman, Rafiqur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-7839
Dorjee Bhutia, Tshering https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2397-8111
Ali, Md Firoj https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4057-1341
Biswas, Santosh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-1918
Banerjee, Sandip https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-5729
Biswas, Manab https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-6206
Das, Krishna Pada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-6858
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

University Grants Commision (221610120355)

Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (SR/FST/MS-11/2021/101(C))
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-13

Version of Record valid from 2025-08-13
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Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 13 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study does not involve any human participants, human data, or human tissue. All data used are either synthetic or obtained from publicly available sources. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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