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Authors
Hadia, N. M. A.
Alzaid, Meshal
Hasaneen, M. F.
Mohamed, W. S.
Irfan, Muhammad
Ahmed, Emad M.
Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Al Jouf University ((DGSSR-2025-02-01246))
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: The signatory hereby certifies that this work is unique, unpublished, and not presently under consideration for publication anywhere. We confirm that each of the stated authors has read and approved the work, and that no other individuals who meet the requirements for authorship are missing from the list. We also certify that everyone has accepted the authors'order as stated in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
