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Authors
Smith, Payton https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-9773
Jin, Joy Q. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1283-4665
Spencer, Riley K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7047-5146
Elhage, Kareem G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-9341
Johnson, Chandler E. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5818-8710
Haran, Kathryn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-4826
Kranyak, Allison https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0017-138X
Davis, Mitchell S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5658-5034
Hakimi, Marwa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-1909
Prather, Aric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-8283
Stone, Katie L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2797-3171
Liao, Wilson https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-6439
Bhutani, Tina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-1024
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Article History
Received: 27 April 2024
Accepted: 10 June 2024
First Online: 28 June 2024
Declarations
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: Joy Q. Jin has received research grant funding from the National Psoriasis Foundation and institutional funding from the University of California, San Francisco. Aric A. Prather has received research funding from Eisai and Big Health and serves as an advisor to NeuroGeneces. Wilson Liao has received research grant funding from Abbvie, Amgen, Janssen, Leo, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and TRex Bio. Tina Bhutani has received research grant funding from Novartis and Regeneron and is a principal investigator for trials sponsored by Abbvie, Castle, CorEvitas, Dermavant, Galderma, Mindera, and Pfizer. Tina Bhutani has served as an advisor for Abbvie, Arcutis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Leo, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun, and UCB. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical review and approval were waived by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of California, San Francisco, due to the non-human subject research classification, as the data used were deidentified and publicly available. Informed consent was waived by the same IRB for the same reasons. The research involved no direct interaction with human participants by the researchers, and all analyses were performed on previously collected data that are publicly accessible and maintained in the NHANES database. The NHANES study protocols were reviewed and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board, and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the original NHANES study. Our study strictly followed the ethical guidelines for secondary data analysis, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the data subjects. No identifiable personal data or images were used in this study.
