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Article History

Received: 13 December 2024

Accepted: 25 February 2025

First Online: 17 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Weily Soong and Alexander M. Marsland received a consultancy fee for their medical expertise on this project from Novartis Pharma AG. WS has served on Research, Consultant and Advisory Boards for Novartis, Allakos, Incyte, Regeneron, Sanofi, Genentech, AstraZeneca, and Amgen, and Speaker’s Bureau for Regeneron, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and Amgen. AM has received grants/educational grants/consulting fees from Almirall, Galderma, Lilly, Novartis, Roche and UCB Pharma. Maria-Magdalena Balp, Andrii Danyliv, and Thomas Severin are employees of Novartis Pharma AG. Dhaval Patil is an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Ravneet K. Kohil is an employee of Novartis Healthcare Pvt Ltd. Irina Pivneva, Kathleen Chen, Tom Cornwall, Jimmy Royer, and James Signorovitch are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting company that has provided paid consulting services to Novartis Pharma AG, which funded the development and conduct of this study and manuscript.

: The study was considered exempt research under 45 CFR § 46.104(d)(4) as it involved only the secondary use of data that were de-identified in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), specifically, 45 CFR § 164.514.