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Article History

Received: 2 April 2025

Accepted: 29 April 2025

First Online: 11 May 2025

Declarations

:

: Bruce Strober is a consultant (honoraria) for AbbVie, Alumis, Almirall, Amgen, Apogee, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Capital One, CorEvitas, Dermavant, Immunovant, Janssen, Leo, Eli Lilly, Maruho, Oruka, Meiji Seika Pharma, Protagonist, Takeda, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Rapt, Regeneron, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Union Therapeutics. He has received stock options from Connect Biopharma and Mindera Health and speaker honoraria from AbbVie, Arcutis, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, Regeneron, and Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Strober is the co-Scientific Director of the Cor-Evitas Psoriasis Registry, the Editor-in-Chief (honoraria) of the Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, and is an investigator in the CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry. Michael Bukhalo has served as a research investigator and/or advisor to Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, DUSA Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Allergan, Galderma, MedImmune, Centocor, and Celgene. April Armstrong has served as a research investigator and/or scientific advisor to AbbVie, Almirall, Arcutis, ASLAN, Beiersdorf, BI, BMS, EPI, Incyte, Leo, UCB, Janssen, Lilly, Mindera Health, Nimbus, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Sun, Dermavant, Dermira, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Pfizer. Dr. Armstrong’s current affiliation is Division of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. David Pariser is a consultant (honoraria) for Atacama Therapeutics, Bickel Biotechnology, Biofrontera AG, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Celgene, Dermira, LEO Pharma, Mindera Health, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, TheraVida, and Valeant. Dr. Pariser has also received research funding from Almirall, Amgen, AOBiome, Asana Biosciences, Bickel Biotechnology, Celgene, Dermavant Sciences, Dermira, Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma, Menlo Therapeutics, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, and Regeneron. Leon Kircik has served as a research investigator and/or scientific advisor to Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Allergan, Almirall, Amgen, Arcutis, Biogen-Idex, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Boehringer-Ingleheim, Breckinridge Pharma, Celgene, Centocor, Cellceutix, Cipher, Combinatrix, Connetics, Coria, Dermavant, Dermira, Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Lab, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Idera, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Maruho, Merck, Medicis, Novartis, Promius, PharmaDerm, Pfizer, Merck Serono, Stiefel Laboratories, Sun Pharma, Taro, UCB, Valeant, and XenoPort. Brian Johnson has nothing to disclose. Paul Montgomery III and Tobin Dickerson are employees of Mindera Health.

: All sample acquisition was conducted under a protocol approved by the Advarra Institutional Review Board (Master Ethics Committee, reference no. Pro00056531), the University of Southern California Office of Culture, Ethics and Compliance, and the University of Arizona Institutional Review Board (STUDY00000936). All studies were performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. All subjects provided informed consent to participate in the study, and no identifying information was collected.