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Diffusion Characteristics of LetibotulinumtoxinA, OnabotulinumtoxinA, and AbobotulinumtoxinA and its Impact on Muscle Relaxation: A Randomized Split-Face Clinical Trial

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-025-01458-3

Published Online: 2025-06-17

Published Print: 2025-08

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Bennek, Maxine https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1015-630X
Rudowitz, Daniela

Kerscher, Martina
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-06-17

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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 28 May 2025

First Online: 17 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Maxine Bennek reports no conflicts of interest. Daniela Rudowitz is employed by Croma-Pharma GmbH. Martina Kerscher has served as a speaker and/or advisory board member for AbbVie/Allergan, Merz Aesthetics, Croma-Pharma GmbH, Ipsen, Neauvia, Galderma, and Nordberg Medical.

: The study (EU CT: 2024-511047-26-01) was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of Munich (Ethikkommission bei der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstraße 8, München). All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study. Consent for publication was obtained from all participants for whom identifiable data are included. All participants provided written informed consent for publication.

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