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Article History

Received: 20 March 2025

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 6 August 2025

Declarations

:

: April Armstrong: AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, EPI Health, Incyte, LEO Pharma, UCB, Janssen, Lilly, Mindera, Nimbus, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Sun, Dermavant, Dermira, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Pfizer—research investigator and/or scientific advisor. Bruce Strober: AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Arena, Aristea, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Connect Biopharma, Dermavant, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Equillium, GlaxoSmithKline, Immunic Therapeutics, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Maruho, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mindera, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Genzyme, Sun Pharma, and UCB—consultant (honoraria); AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Sanofi-Genzyme – speaker; CorEvitas’ Psoriasis Registry – co-scientific director (consulting fee); AbbVie, Cara, CorEvitas’ Psoriasis Registry, Dermavant, Dermira, and Novartis—investigator; Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis—Editor-in-Chief (honorarium). Paolo Gisondi: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB—consultant and grant/research support. Paolo Gisondi is an editorial board member of Dermatology and Therapy. Paolo Gisondi was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Kate K. Orroth: Amgen—employment and stock ownership. Myriam Cordey: Amgen—employment and stock ownership. Shia T. Kent: Amgen—employment and stock ownership. Cynthia Deignan: Amgen—employment and stock ownership. Shauna Jardon: Amgen—employment and stock ownership at the time of analysis and manuscript development. Rohini K. Hernandez: Amgen—employment and stock ownership. M. Alan Brookhart: Scientific advisory committees for American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Amgen, Atara Biotherapeutics, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Gilead/Kite, Intercept, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Regeneron, and Vertex; equity in Accompany Health and Target RWE. Linda Stein Gold: AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Celgene Corporation, Dermira, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Genzyme, UCB, and Valeant—honoraria, grants, and/or research funding as a speaker, investigator, advisory board member.

: Institutional review board approval was not required for this analysis. All database records were deidentified and fully compliant with US patient confidentiality requirements, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.