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Article History

Received: 18 April 2025

Accepted: 6 June 2025

First Online: 26 June 2025

Change Date: 11 July 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Placement of figures 10 and 11 updated

Declarations

:

: Jonathan Silverberg—has received honoraria as a consultant and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Aldena, Aldena, Amgen, AObiome, Apollo, Arcutis, Arena, Asana, Aslan, Attovia, Bodewell, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Cara, Castle Biosciences, Celgene, Connect Biopharma, Corevitas, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, FIDE, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Inmagene, Invea, Kiniksa, LEO Pharma, Merck, Nektar, Novartis, Optum, Pfizer, RAPT, Recludix, Regeneron, Sandoz, Sanofi Genzyme, Shaperon, TARGET-RWE, Teva, Triveni, Union, and UpToDate; is a speaker for AbbVie, Arcutis, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi Genzyme; and George Washington School of Medicine received grants from Galderma, Incyte, and Pfizer. Valeria Aoki—has served as an investigator in clinical trials for Sanofi, Amgen, and Abbvie and as a consultant/advisory board member for Eli Lilly, Galderma, and Abbvie. Yousef Binamer—has received speaker honoraria for serving as a consultant and travel support from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, NewBridge, Novartis, and Sanofi and has received research grants from Novartis and Sanofi. Diego Ruiz Dasilva—has served as an advisor and/or speaker for AbbVie, Arcutis, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, LEO pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi & Regeneron, UCB, Verrica. Norito Katoh—has received honoraria as a speaker/consultant for Sanofi, Maruho, AbbVie, Ely-Lilly Japan, Torii Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical and has received grants as an investigator from Maruho, Sun Pharma, and LEO Pharma. Shawn Kwatra—has received honoraria for serving on advisory boards for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Aslan Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Celldex Therapeutics, Dermavant, Galderma, Genzada Pharmaceuticals, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Sanofi. Melinda Gooderham—has been an investigator, speaker, and/or advisor for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Alumis, Amgen, Akros, Arcutis, Aristea, AnaptysBio, Apogee, Bausch Health, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cara, Dermira, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Incyte, InMagene, JAMP Pharma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, L’Oreal, MedImmune, Meiji, Moonlake, Nektar, Nimbus, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Tarsus, Takeda, UCB, Union, Ventyx, and Vyne. Andrew Pink—has acted as investigator, speaker, and advisor and received educational support from or received research support from AbbVie, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, LEO, Galderma, Amgen, Novartis, J&J, BMS, BI, UCB, Almirall, and Celgene. Andreas Wollenberg has served as an advisor or paid speaker for, or participated in clinical trials (with honoraria paid to the institution) sponsored by AbbVie, Aileens, Almirall, Amgen, Apogee, Beiersdorf, Bioderma, Bioproject, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Chugai, DKSH, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Galderma, Glenmark, GSK, Hans Karrer, Hexal, Incyte, Janssen-Cilag, Kyowa Kirin, Leo Pharma, L’Oreal, Maruho, MedImmune, MSD, Mylan, MSD, Nektar, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Sandoz, Santen, Sanofi-Aventis, and UCB. Christopher Bunick—has served as an investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Apogee, Daiichi Sankyo, LEO Pharma, Ortho Dermatologics, Sun Pharma, Timber, and Palvella; a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Apogee, Arcutis, Botanix, Connect BioPharma, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, EPI Health/Novan, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Oruka, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, Teladoc, and UCB; and a speaker for and received honoraria from Allergan, Almirall, LEO Pharma, and UCB. Brian Calimlim, Ayman Grada, Wan-Ju Lee, Chao Li, and Alvaro Moreira are full-time employees of AbbVie and may hold AbbVie stock or stock options.

: The original studies that collected the data analyzed within this manuscript were approved by the IRB, were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained for participants.