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Article History

Received: 15 April 2025

Accepted: 20 June 2025

First Online: 11 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Sonja Ständer declares receiving research grants from Almirall, Galderma, Sanofi, and Trevi Therapeutics; has been a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Beiersdorf, Clexio, Galderma, Kiniksa, Klinge Pharma, KliRNA, P.G. Unna Academy, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Vifor; has served as an advisory board member for AbbVie, Almirall, Celldex, Galderma, Lilly, P.G. Unna Akademie e. V., Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, and Vifor; and has served as a speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Beiersdorf, Focus Insight, FOMF, GCI Health, Galderma, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oréal, MEDahead, Medicinske Tidsskrifter, Novartis, P.G. Unna Academy, Pfizer, Sanofi, STREAMED UP, touchIME, UCB, and Vifor. Andreas Pinter has involved in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall Hermal, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BioNTech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, Klinge Pharma, LEO Pharma, MC2 Pharma, Medac, Merck Serono, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Novartis, Pascoe, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, Schering-Plough, Tigercat Pharma, UCB Pharma, and Zuellig Pharma; declares receiving speaker fees from AbbVie, Almirall Hermal, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, Klinge Pharma, LEO Pharma, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB Pharma, and Zuellig Pharma; and has received grants from AbbVie and Almirall. Firas G. Hougeir has been a consultant/speaker for AbbVie, Apogee, Galderma, LEO, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.; and investigator for Apogee, Galderma, LEO, and Lilly. Nick Freemantle has received grants from Cure Parkinson’s Trust, European Union, Medical Research Council, and National Institute for Health and Care Research; consultancy fees from Abbott, Aimmune Therapeutics, ALK, AstraZeneca, Galderma, Gedeon Richter, Ipsen, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Théa Pharma, and Vertex Pharmaceuticals; and honorarium from Abbott Singapore. Patricia Guyot, Amy H. Praestgaard, Ana B. Rossi, Gaëlle Bégo-Le-Bagousse, Kerry Noonan, and Mike Bastian are employees of Sanofi, and may hold stock and/or stock options in the company. Yingxin Xu and Zhixiao Wang are employees and shareholders of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.