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Article History

Received: 8 May 2025

Accepted: 24 June 2025

First Online: 15 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Emma Guttman-Yassky is an employee of Mount Sinai and has received research funds (grants paid to institution) from and/or been a consultant for: AbbVie, Almirall, S.A., Amgen, AnaptysBio, Asana BioSciences, ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Connect Biopharma, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Evidera, Galderma, Incyte Corporation, Innovaderm Research, Janssen, Kiniksa, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT Therapeutics, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sato Pharmaceutical, TARGET PharmaSolutions, UCB Pharma, and Ventyx Biosciences. Zhe Sun, Kimberly Siu, Gaia Gallo, Eric Wolf, Robert J. Benschop, Chitra R. Natalie, Christoph Preuss, and Angela Okragly are employees and/or shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Laura Rebeca Mena is a paid contractor for Eli Lilly and Company. Nathan Hahn is a former paid contractor of Eli Lilly and Company. Brian J. Nickoloff is retired from Eli Lilly and Company and a current stockholder. He was a part-time independent contractor (Net2Source Inc) working with Eli Lilly and Company. He currently has no affiliation. Kilian Eyerich reports consulting fees/honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, S.A., BMS, Leo, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Pfizer, UCB, and Novartis; and contract services from AbbVie, Janssen, UCB, and Leo. Mònica Aparici was an employee of Almirall, S.A at the time this work was performed. She is currently an employee of Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca.

: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The ADvocate 1 and ADvocate 2 trial protocols were approved by the Western Institutional Review Board (WIRB) (now WIRB-Copernicus Group [WCG]) on 19 September 2019 (ADvocate 1: IRB no. AD04 20192332; ADvocate 2: IRB no. AD05 20192344). In addition, each participating center’s institutional review board or ethics committee approved the study. All patients provided written informed consent to participate in the main ADvocate trials. An ADVOCATE reconsent was needed to directly compare clinical responses with sequential molecular and cellular events in skin and blood via blood samples already collected. Patients who had consented to the main study were offered a reconsent to allow for additional biomarker analysis of their already collected specimens. Patients could continue to participate in the main study even if they declined to consent to the opt-in biomarker component. No additional ethical approval was required to conduct the current post hoc analysis.