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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 3 July 2025

First Online: 22 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Andrew F. Alexis has served as a consultant or advisory board member for AbbVie, Aerolase, Allergan, Almirall, Alphyn, Amgen, Apogee, Arcutis, Bausch Health, Beiersdorf, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Canfield, Castle, Dermavant Sciences Inc., Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech, Genzyme, Incyte, Janssen, L’Oréal, LEO Pharma, Ortho, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron, Scientis, Swiss American, Symrise, UCB, and VisualDx; as a speaker for Janssen, L’Oréal, Regeneron, and Sanofi-Genzyme; has received grants to his institution from AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Castle, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., Galderma, Incyte, and LEO Pharma; royalties from Elsevier, Springer, Wiley-Blackwell, and Wolters Kluwer Health; and equipment from Aerolase. Leon Kircik has served as a consultant, speaker, investigator, or advisory board member for Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie, Ablynx, Aclaris, Acambis, Allergan, Inc., Almirall, Amgen, Inc., Anacor Pharmaceuticals, AnaptysBio, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Assos Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Asubio Pharmaceuticals, Bausch Health, Berlex Laboratories (Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals), Biogen Idec, BioLife, Biopelle, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Breckenridge Pharma, Cassiopea SpA, Centocor, Inc., Cellceutix, Cipher Pharmaceuticals, Coherus BioSciences, ColBar LifeScience, Combinatrix, Connetics Corporation, Coria Laboratories, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., Dermira, Dermik Laboratories, Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences, Inc., Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, DUSA Pharmaceuticals, Embil Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly, EOS, Exeltis, Ferndale Laboratories, Inc., Ferrer, Foamix Pharmaceuticals, Galderma, Genentech, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, HealthPoint, Ltd, Idera Pharmaceuticals, Incyte, Intendis, Innocutis, Innovail, ISDIN, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Kirin, Laboratory Skin Care Inc., LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, 3M, Maruho Co., Ltd., Medical International Technologies, Merck, Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp., Merz Pharma, NanoBio, Novartis AG, Noven Pharmaceuticals, Nucryst Pharmaceuticals Corp., Obagi, Onset Dermatologics, Ortho Neutrogena, Pediapharma, Pfizer, Promius Pharma, PuraCap, Pharmaderm, QLT, Inc., Quinnova Pharmaceuticals, Quatrix, Regeneron, Sanofi, Serono (Merck Serono International SA), SkinMedica, Inc., Stiefel Laboratories, Inc., Sun Pharma, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries, Toler Rx, Triax Pharmaceuticals, UCB Biopharma, Valeant Pharmaceuticals Intl., Warner Chilcott, XenoPort, and ZAGE. Raj Chovatiya has served as an advisory board member, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Apogee, Arcutis, Argenx, ASLAN, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech, Incyte, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Novan, Inc., Pfizer Inc., Regeneron, Sanofi, and UCB Biopharma. Raj Chovatiya is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy. Raj Chovatiya was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Zakiya P. Rice has served as a board member, consultant, speaker, investigator, or advisory board member for AbbVie, Anacor Pharmaceuticals Inc., Atlanta Ballet Center for Dance Education, Atlanta Speech School, Brickell Biotech Inc., Cassiopea Inc., Celgene, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., Dermira, Eli Lilly, Galderma Pharmaceuticals Co., Incyte Pharmaceuticals Co., International Hyperhidrosis Society, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Inc., Princeton Club of Georgia, and Regeneron/Sanofi-Genzyme Pharmaceuticals Inc.; received honorarium from Cable News Network (CNN), PRIME, Reckner, and Stateline Films; and is the founder/chief executive officer or co-owner of Astrop Advisories LLC and Pantones LLC. Weily Soong has served as a consultant, speaker, investigator, or advisory board member for AbbVie, Allakos, Amgen, Aslan, AstraZeneca, Celldex, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and UCB Biopharma. Tina Bhutani is a principal investigator for studies being sponsored by AbbVie, Castle, CorEvitas, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., and Pfizer. She has received additional research funding from Novartis and Regeneron. She has served as an advisor for AbbVie, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Sun, and UCB Biopharma. Philip M. Brown, Stephen C. Piscitelli, and Anna M. Tallman are former employees of Dermavant Sciences, an Organon Company. David S. Rubenstein is a former employee of Dermavant Sciences, Inc. April W. Armstrong has served as a research investigator and/or scientific advisor for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant Sciences, Inc., Dermira, Eli Lilly, EPI, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Modmed, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, and UCB Biopharma.

: The trials were conducted according to Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments. The trials were approved by the Central Institutional Review Board, Advarra IRB, on 4 June 2021 (ADORING 1) and 2 July 2021 (ADORING 2). Advarra IRB is registered with the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) and the Food and Drug Administration under IRB#00000971. All patients or parents/legal guardians provided written informed consent, including consent for clinical photography and publication of their clinical images. Consent for the publication of this manuscript was provided by the authors and the sponsor.