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Article History

Received: 3 June 2025

Accepted: 7 August 2025

First Online: 19 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Sonja Ständer has received research grants from Almirall, Galderma, Sanofi, and Trevi Therapeutics; has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Beiersdorf, BMS, Clexio, Galderma, Kiniksa, Klinge Pharma, KliRNA, P.G. Unna Academy, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Vifor; has served in advisory boards for AbbVie, Almirall, Celldex, Galderma, Lilly, P.G. Unna Akademie e. V., Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, and Vifor; has served as a speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Beiersdorf, Focus Insight, FOMF, GCI Health, Galderma, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oréal, MEDahead, Medicinske Tidsskrifter, Novartis, P.G. Unna Academy, Pfizer, Sanofi, STREAMED UP, touchIME, UCB, and Vifor; and is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Sonja Ständer was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Gil Yosipovitch has served as an advisory board member for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arcutis, Celldex, Eli Lilly, Escient Health, Galderma, GSK, LEO Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, and Vifor; has received grants/research funding from Eli Lilly, Escient, Galderma, Kiniksa, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Celldex, and Sanofi-Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.; has been an investigator for Galderma, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Sanofi; and is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Gil Yosipovitch was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Brian S. Kim is a co-founder of Alys Pharmaceuticals and Neurommune Therapeutics; and has been a consultant for AbbVie, Abrax Japan, Almirall, Alys Pharmaceuticals, Cara Therapeutics, Clexio Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Escient Pharmaceuticals, Evommune, Galderma, Neurommune Therapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, RecensMedical, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, and Septerna. Martin Steinhoff has received grants by AbbVie, Almirall, Avon, Galderma, Kiniksa, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oréal, Maruho, Mitsubishi, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Toray; has served in advisory boards for AbbVie, Alfasigma, Algorithm, Allergan, Almirall, Anacor, Avon, Bayer Health, Beiersdorf, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Ducray, Galderma, Genentech, GSK, Kiniksa, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Maruho, MenloTX, Mitsubishi, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Salix, Sanofi, Toray, Vertex, and ZymoGenetics; has been an investigator for AbbVie, Alfasigma, Almirall, Avon, BMS, Celgene, Ducray, Galderma, GSK, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oréal, Maruho, MenloTX, Mitsubishi, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, Toray, Vertex, and ZymoGenetics; and has been a speaker for AbbVie, Algorithm, Almirall, Anacor, Allergan, Avon, Bayer Health, Beiersdorf, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Ducray, Galderma, Genentech, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L’Oréal, Maruho, MenloTX, Novartis, Qatar Pharma, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, and ZymoGenetics. April Armstrong has been an investigator and/or consultant for AbbVie, BMS, Dermavant, Dermira, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Modernizing Medicine, Ortho Dermatologics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sanofi, Science 37, and UCB. Franz J. Legat has received consulting fees and/or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speaker’s bureaus, manuscript writing or education events; participated on advisory boards; and/or served as an investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Celgene, DS Biopharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen Cilag, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, LEO Pharma, Menlo Therapeutics, Novartis, Pelpharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, Trevi Therapeutics, and Vifor Pharma. Kenji Kabashima has received honoraria for lectures from Eli Lilly, Japan Tobacco, LEO Pharma, Maruho, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Procter & Gamble; and has received research grants from Kyoto Hakko Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Ono Pharmaceutical. Takeshi Nakahara has received laboratory funds from Maruho; and speaker fees from Maruho and Sanofi. Atsuyuki Igarashi has received research grants from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Japan Tobacco, Novartis, Sanofi, and Torii Pharmaceutical; consultant fee from Japan Tobacco and Maruho; and honoraria for lectures from Maruho and Sanofi. Amy H. Praestgaard and Mike Bastian are employees of Sanofi and may hold stock and/or stock options in the company. Tien V. Nguyen is an employee and shareholder of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.

: This study (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS) was done in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki, International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines (version R1), and applicable regulatory requirements. All patients provided signed written informed consent. The protocol and all relevant study forms were approved by all relevant institutional review boards and an independent ethics committee. An independent data monitoring committee monitored patient safety. This clinical trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier number NCT02260986.