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Authors
Avallone, Gianluca https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-2370
Bombelli, Andrea https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4173-0282
Gargiulo, Luigi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6051-1676
Foti, Caterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-9788
Trave, Ilaria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-4517
Rossi, Mariateresa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-159X
Magnaterra, Elisabetta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-4353
Pigliacelli, Flavia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-0795
Malagoli, Piergiorgio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-6922
Giacalone, Serena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-3356
Portarapillo, Antonio https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8445-7135
Patruno, Cataldo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8661-2822
Schettini, Natale https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-766X
Bonzano, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8933-4626
Pezzolo, Elena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-4812
Chello, Camilla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-1831
Gori, Niccolò https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-0623
Brunasso, Giovanna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-9975
Veronese, Federica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-5171
Ortoncelli, Michela https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6774-7080
Tolino, Ersilia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7861-9338
Azzolini, Alan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7971-2848
Bellinato, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6163-6921
Hansel, Katharina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-4278
Di Brizzi, Eugenia Veronica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-2443
Gurioli, Carlotta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-7451
Esposito, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-6993
Giuffrida, Roberta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-3033
Barei, Francesca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-7310
Calzari, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7690-7221
Burroni, Anna Graziella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-911X
Gola, Massimo
Mariano, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-3388
Fargnoli, Maria Concetta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7249-2556
Napolitano, Maddalena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-8190
Grieco, Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7855-6621
Peris, Ketty https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-0463
Savoia, Paola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1636-8411
Ribero, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0098-1406
Girolomoni, Giampiero https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-0493
Stingeni, Luca https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-8141
Balato, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-0172
Costanzo, Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-2557
Marzano, Angelo Valerio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-4169
Narcisi, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-8581
Ferrucci, Silvia Mariel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6734-1366
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Luigi Gargiulo has been a consultant and/or speaker and has participated to advisory boards for Abbvie, Amgen, Almirall, Novartis, Johnson and Johnson, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Pierre Fabre, BMS, Leo Pharma, UCB, and Pfizer; Caterina Foti has conflict of interest with AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Leo Pharma, Novartis, and Sanofi; Mariateresa Rossi has served as advisory board member and received honoraria for lectures from Almirall, AbbVie, Sanofi, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, L’Oréal, Galderma; Serena Giacalone has received honoraria from AbbVie, Johnson and Johnson, Almirall, Sanofi, Leo Pharma, and Novartis. Mariateresa Rossi is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy and was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Cataldo Patruno acted as investigator, speaker, consultant, and advisory board member for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, and Sanofi; Natale Schettini acted as a speaker and consultant for Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Almirall, and Leo Pharma; Niccolò Gori has served as advisory board member and received honoraria for lectures for Almirall, AbbVie, Sanofi, Leo Pharma, Pfizer, Novartis and Galderma; Giampiero Girolomoni has received personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Galderma, Eli Lilly, Leo Pharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Samsung bioepis and Sanofi; Francesca Barei has conflict of interest with Leo Pharma; Katharina Hansel acted as advisor for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Leo Pharma, Novartis, and Sanofi, UCB; Luca Stingeni acted as advisor, speaker and/or investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Incyte, L’Oreal, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB; Angelo Valerio Marzano has conflict of interest with AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers, Squibb, Incyte, Leopharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB; Alessandra Narcisi has served on advisory boards, received honoraria for lectures and research grants from Almirall, Abbvie, Leo Pharma, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Amgen and Boehringer Ingelheim; Silvia M. Ferrucci has conflict of interest with Amgen, Sanofi, Novartis, Lilly, Leo Pharma, Abbvie, Novartis, Menarini. All other authors (Gianluca Avallone, Andrea Bombelli, Ilaria Trave, Elisabetta Magnaterra, Flavia Pigliacelli, Piergiorgio Malagoli, Antonio Portarapillo, Laura Bonzano, Elena Pezzolo, Camilla Chello, Giovanna Brunasso, Federica Veronese, Michela Ortoncelli, Ersilia Tolino, Alan Azzolini, Francesco Bellinato, Eugenia Veronica Di Brizzi, Carlotta Gurioli, Maria Esposito, Roberta Giuffrida, Paolo Calzari, Anna Graziella Burroni, Massimo Gola, Maria Mariano, Maria Concetta Fargnoli, Maddalena Napolitano, Teresa Grieco, Ketty Peris, Paola Savoia, Simone Ribero, Anna Balato and Antonio Costanzo) have nothing to declare.
: The study adhered to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) reporting guidelines for cohort studies and the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by an institutional review board (Ethics Approval Committee Lombardia 3, protocol number Lebri-AD-2024). All patients provided written informed consent to participate in the study and for publication.
