Yen, Yu-Hsiu
Tsau, Tzu-Wen
Lee, Chih-Hung
Chen, Hsin-Han
Lin, Chih-Hung
Chen, Tim-Mo
Pu, Chi-Ming
Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 1 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Tzu-Wen Tsau is the stakeholder of OBIGEN PHARMA, INC. Yu-Hsiu Yen, Chih-Hung Lee, Hsin-Han Chen, Chih-Hung Lin, Tim-Mo Chen and Chi-Ming Pu declare no conflict of interest for this article.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the IRB of all participating institutions. Master approval was granted by the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital IRB (approval number: 202400831A0), with additional approvals obtained from Cathay General Hospital (CGH-CS113009), China Medical University Hospital (CMUH113-REC1-118), and Tri-Service General Hospital (C202401020). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrolment, including consent for publication of any identifiable information. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964, as revised in 2013) and local regulatory requirements.