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Article History

Received: 1 August 2025

Accepted: 29 September 2025

First Online: 23 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Matthias Augustin has served as a consultant, lecturer, researcher, and/or has received institutional research grants from companies manufacturing drugs for atopic dermatitis, including AbbVie, Almirall, Bayer, Beiersdorf, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, LEO Pharma, L’Oreal, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche-Posay, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Sun. April Armstrong has served as a consultant for and received honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, Arcutis, ASLAN, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Dermira, EPI, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, Nimbus, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun, and UCB and has participated in advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim and Parexel. Naiem T. Issa has received funding from the following entities either as a speaker, consultant, advisor, or investigator: Abbvie, Almirall, Apogee, Bristol Myers Squibb, Castle Biosciences, Dermavant Sciences, DermTech, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Journey, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Primus, Regeneron, Sanofi, SUN Pharmaceuticals Industry, Topix, UCB, and Verrica Pharmaceuticals. Anne Sohrt Petersen was an employee of LEO Pharma. Rie von Eyben is an employee of LEO Pharma. Teodora Festini is an employee of LEO Pharma. Tiago Torres has received consultancy and/or speaker’s honoraria from and/or participated in clinical trials sponsored by AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Biocad, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Fresenius Kabi, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung-Bioepis, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB.

: This analysis is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain data from new studies with human participants; therefore, ethical approval was not required.