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Authors
Łuczak, Katarzyna
Sójka, Aleksandra
Ludwig, Ralf
Corralo, David Saceda
Szepietowski, Jacek C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-6342
Krajewski, Piotr K.
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Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ralf J. Ludwig has received financial support for travel from TriNetX. David Saceda Corralo is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . David Saceda Corralo was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Jacek C. Szepietowski is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Jacek C. Szepietowski was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Katarzyna Łuczak, Aleksandra Sójka, and Piotr K. Krajewski have nothing to disclose.
: This study utilized deidentified electronic health records. All patient data in the TriNetX database are certified as anonymized under Section §164.514(a) and §164.514(b)(1) of the HIPAA Privacy Rule and, when relevant, the GDPR of the European Union. No individual informed consent was needed because of the fully de-identified data. All analyses adhered to applicable data protection and privacy laws at both national and international levels. Access to TriNetX was granted through data use agreements and ethical standards maintained at each participating site.
