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Article History

Received: 1 July 2025

Accepted: 16 October 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Hiroyuki Murota has received consulting fees and/or speaker honoraria from Maruho Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Pfizer Japan Inc., Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., AbbVie GK, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Takeshi Nakahara has received consulting fees and/or speaker honoraria from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Torii Pharmaceutical, Maruho, Sanofi, AbbVie, Eli Lilly Japan, Sun Pharma and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. Shinichi Noto has received speaker honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical. Miyuki Matsukawa, Yasuhito Konishi, Daisaku Michikami, and Rikiya Toda are employees of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

: This study used secondary, anonymized data provided by DeSC. Therefore, no additional individual-level informed consent was obtained for conducting this study. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Research and Development Division, Research Ethics Committee (application and approval No: 221013). The questionnaire survey was conducted by DeSC in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan and the Declaration of Helsinki. DeSC Healthcare, Inc. has granted Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd permission to publish the data used in this manuscript, as documented in the Third-Party Disclosure / Re-use Permission Approval Document.