Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 September 2025

Accepted: 24 October 2025

First Online: 8 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Bruce Strober reported receiving honoraria as a consultant for AbbVie, Alumis, Almirall, Amgen, Apogee, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CorEvitas, Dermavant, Immunovant, Janssen, Leo, Eli Lilly, Maruho, Neurocrine, Novartis, Okura, Meiji Seika Pharma, Protagonist, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Rapt, Regeneron, Sanofi-Genzyme, Takeda and Union Therapeutics; stock options from Mindera Health; has participated as a speaker for AbbVie, Arcutis, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson Regeneron and Sanofi-Genzyme; consulting fees from CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry (Scientific Co-Director); and a role as an investigator for CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry. Lluís Puig reported receiving research grants/support from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Sun Pharma and UCB; and consultancy or speaker’s honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Fresenius-Kabi, Horizon (DSMB), J&J Innovative Medicine, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung-Bioepis, Sandoz, STADA, Sun Pharma, Takeda and UCB. Lluís Puig is a member of the editorial board of Dermatology and Therapy but was not involved in the processing or review of this manuscript by the journal. Mark Lebwohl is an employee of Mount Sinai and reported receiving research funds from AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Avotres, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cara therapeutics, Dermavant Sciences, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Inozyme, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron, and UCB; and is a consultant for Almirall, AltruBio Inc., AnaptysBio, Apogee, Arcutis, Inc., AstraZeneca, Atomwise, Avotres Therapeutics, Brickell Biotech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Castle Biosciences, Celltrion, Corevitas, Dermavant Sciences, EPI, Evommune, Inc., Facilitation of International Dermatology Education, Forte Biosciences, Foundation for Research and Education in Dermatology, Galderma, Genentech, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mindera, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron, Seanergy, Strata, Takeda, Trevi, and Verrica. Mark Lebwohl is a member of the editorial board of Dermatology and Therapy but was not involved in the processing or review of this manuscript by the journal. Bhargav Lakshminarasimhan, Shah Alam Khan, Nichiren Pillai, Bregt Kappelhoff and Amy Weatherill are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim. Richard Warren reported receiving research grants from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Leo, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB; and consulting fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Arena, Astellas, Avillion, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, DiCE, Galderma, GSK, Immunocore, Janssen, Lilly, Leo, Meiji Pharma, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, UCB and UNION. Richard Warren is the Editor-in-Chief of Dermatology and Therapy for Europe but was not involved in the processing or review of this manuscript by the journal.

: This study is a meta-analysis of existing data and was therefore not considered for institutional review board review or require informed consent for participation.