Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 September 2025

Accepted: 10 November 2025

First Online: 25 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Omar Noor has served as a speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Castle Biosciences, Dermavant, EPI Health, Galderma, Incyte Corporation, Journey Medical, Lilly USA, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, and UCB; as a consultant for AbbVie, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Castle Biosciences, Dermavant, Galderma, Incyte Corporation, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB; as a principal investigator for AbbVie and Proctor & Gamble; and as a national trainer for Galderma. Jinan Liu, Daniel Sturm, Haobo Ren, and Dilan Paranagama are employees and shareholders of Incyte Corporation. Zelma C. Chiesa Fuxench has received research grants from Brexogen, Lilly, LEO Pharma, Regeneron, Sanofi, Tioga, and Vanda for work related to atopic dermatitis and from Menlo Therapeutics and Galderma for work related to prurigo nodularis; has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, Incyte Corporation, National Eczema Association, and Pfizer; and has received honoraria for continuing medical education sponsored by education grants from Regeneron/Sanofi and Pfizer for work in atopic dermatitis and from Beirsdorf for work related to skin cancer and sun protection. Raj Chovatiya has served as an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee, Arcutis, Argenx, Astria, Avalere Health, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Celldex, CLn Skin Care, Dermavant, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Formation Bio, Galderma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte Corporation, Johnson & Johnson, Kenvue, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Opsidio, Pfizer, RAPT, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sitryx, Takeda, TRex Bio, UCB, and Zai Lab and is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy but was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: This analysis utilized patient data from previously conducted studies. No new studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors.