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Article History

Received: 27 September 2025

Accepted: 21 November 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Adam Reich serves as consultant or speaker for AbbVie, Bioderma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Chema Elektromet, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Medac, Menlo Therapeutics, Novartis, Pierre-Fabre, Sandoz, and Trevi; and principal investigator or sub-investigator in clinical trials sponsored by AbbVie, Argenx, Corbus, Drug Delivery Solutions Ltd., Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech, Janssen, Kymab Ltd (a Sanofi company), LEO Pharma, Menlo Therapeutics, MetrioPharm, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Trevi, and Viela Bio. Adam Reich is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy . Adam Reich was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Stephan Weidinger has received institutional research grants from LEO Pharma, Pfizer, and Sanofi Deutschland GmbH; has consulted for AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Kymab (a Sanofi company), LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi Genzyme; has lectured at educational events sponsored by AbbVie, Almirall, Galderma, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi Genzyme; and is involved in performing clinical trials with many pharmaceutical companies that manufacture drugs used for the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Vivian Y. Shi is on the board of directors for the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation; is an adviser for the National Eczema Association; is a stock shareholder of LearnHealth; and has served as an advisory board member, an investigator, speaker for and/or has received research funding from AbbVie, Almirall, Altus Lab/CQuell, Alumis, Aristea Therapeutics, Bain Capital, Boehringer Ingelheim, Burt’s Bees, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Genentech, Genzyme (a Sanofi company), GPSKIN, Incyte, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, LEO Pharma, Menlo Therapeutics, MyOr Diagnostics, Novartis, Pfizer, Polyfins Technology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Skin Actives Scientific, Sun Pharma, Target PharmaSolutions, and UCB. Norito Katoh has served as a speaker/consultant for AbbVie, Eli Lilly Japan, Maruho, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Sanofi; and has received grants as an investigator from LEO Pharma, Maruho, and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries. Andrew Blauvelt has served as a speaker (received honoraria) for Almirall, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, and UCB; has served as a scientific adviser (received honoraria) for AbbVie, Almirall, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee, Arcutis, Astria, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Corvus, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Immunovant, Incyte, IQVIA, Janssen, LEO, Lipidio, Merck, Novartis, Oruka, Paragon, Pfizer, Rani Therapeutics, Regeneron, Sanofi, Spherix Global Insights, Sun Pharma, Syncona, Takeda, UCB, Union, and Zai Lab; has acted as a clinical study investigator (institution has received clinical study funds) for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Almirall, Alumis, Amgen, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB; and owns stock in Lipidio and Oruka. Charles Lynde serves as a principal investigator and/or consultant for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Actelion, Akros, Amgen, Anacor, Aralez Pharmaceuticals, Arcutis, Astellas, Avillion, Bausch Health (Valeant), Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Coherus, Dermavant, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Gilead, GSK, Incyte, Janssen, Kyowa Kirin, LEO Pharma, MedImmune, Meiji Seika Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Sandoz, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB. Xinghua Gao has received personal fees from advising, consulting, and lecturing for Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, and Sanofi; is/has been a consultant/advisory board member for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and is/has been an investigator for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly, Huaren, Beijing Jialin, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Beijing Puqi, and Sanofi. Nicole M. Armstrong, Charlotte Bernigaud, and Kassim Rahawi are employees of Sanofi and may or may not hold stock or stock options in the company.

: STREAM-AD was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The study protocol and informed consent form were reviewed and approved by institutional ethics committees and review boards at each site, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients before participation [ ].